Your German Shepherd's Health: What Every Owner Should Know

However, like many breeds, German Shepherds are susceptible to certain health issues, including a higher likelihood of developing cancer. While this may sound concerning, understanding the risks and taking proactive steps can significantly improve your dog's quality of life and longevity.

Did you know that German Shepherds were originally bred for herding sheep in Germany? Their strong work ethic and keen instincts made them perfect for the job, and these traits still shine in the breed today.

You may know of Rin Tin Tin, a legendary German Shepherd, who played a pivotal role in skyrocketing the breed's popularity. Discovered as a puppy on a World War I battlefield by American soldier Lee Duncan, Rin Tin Tin quickly rose to fame in Hollywood. His incredible intelligence and trainability made him a natural on-screen, captivating audience with his performances in silent films and later in talkies. Rin Tin Tin starred in 27 films for Warner Bros., becoming one of the studio's biggest box office draws. His charisma and heroism on screen showcased the breed's remarkable qualities, leading to a surge in demand for German Shepherds as pets and working dogs. Rin Tin Tin's legacy endures, and his contributions to the breed's popularity continue to be celebrated today.

When it comes to health, being well-informed is your best defense. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and ample exercise can all contribute to a healthier, happier dog. With the right care, your German Shepherd can continue to be your loyal companion for many years to come. Let's explore how to keep our furry friends healthy and thriving!

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Common Health Concerns in German Shepherds

German Shepherds, despite their robustness and versatility, are prone to several health concerns at a higher rate than many other breeds. Understanding these potential issues can help you provide the best care for your furry friend. Here are some of the most common health concerns for German Shepherds:

Hip Dysplasia

One of the most well-known issues in German Shepherds is hip dysplasia, a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn't fit properly into the hip socket. The increased frequency of hip dysplasia in the breed comes from the gradual shifting of the breed standard hip placement over the many generations; a steeper angled hip placement over a 90° posture. This can lead to arthritis and pain over time. Regular vet check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage and mitigate symptoms.^1,2,3

Elbow Dysplasia

Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia is a condition where the elbow joint develops abnormally, leading to pain and mobility issues. This is another genetic concern that requires attention from a veterinarian; maintaining a healthy weight with regular activity is a good way to lower your pet’s risk of developing this issue.^1,3

Degenerative Myelopathy

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive disease of the spinal cord, similar to ALS in humans. It typically appears in older dogs and can lead to hind limb weakness and eventual paralysis. While there is no cure, physical therapy and supportive care can improve the quality of life.³

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus)

German Shepherds are also at a higher risk for bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists on itself. This requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Feeding your dog smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding vigorous exercise after eating can help reduce the risk.^2,3

Allergies

Allergies, both environmental and food-related, are more common in German Shepherds than in some other breeds. Symptoms can include itching, ear infections, and gastrointestinal issues. Identifying and avoiding allergens, along with prescribed treatments, can help manage these conditions.²

Pancreatic Insufficiency

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition where the pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes. This can lead to weight loss, diarrhea, and malnutrition. With enzyme replacement therapy and dietary management, dogs with EPI can lead healthy lives.²

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Common Cancers in German Shepherds 

Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is the cancer most associated with German Shepherds. It is an aggressive cancer that originates in the blood vessels, commonly affecting the spleen, liver, and heart. It often goes undetected until it has progressed significantly because early symptoms are subtle. Regular veterinary check-ups and being attentive to signs like lethargy, swelling, or sudden collapse can help with early detection.

You can read more about hemangiosarcoma in our blog here. 

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, is more prevalent in large breeds like German Shepherds. It typically affects the limbs and can cause lameness and swelling. Early diagnosis and treatment, which may include surgery and chemotherapy, are crucial for improving the dog's quality of life.

You can read more about osteosarcoma in our blog here. 

Mammary Cancer

Female German Shepherds that are not spayed have a higher risk of developing mammary tumors. Regular vet examinations and spaying at an appropriate age can significantly reduce this risk. If detected early, surgical removal of the tumors often leads to positive outcomes.

You can read more about mammary cancer in dogs in our blog here.

Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors are a type of skin cancer that can appear as lumps or bumps on the skin. They can vary in appearance and can sometimes be mistaken for benign growths. Surgical removal is usually the primary treatment, and additional therapies may be recommended based on the tumor's behavior.

You can read more about Mast Cell Tumors in our blog here. 

Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of cancer that typically affects the skin, mouth, and eyes. Oral melanoma is particularly aggressive and common in dogs. Early signs include unusual growths in the mouth, bad breath, and difficulty eating. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and immunotherapy.

You can read more about Melanoma in our blog here. 

Urothelial Carcinoma (previously called Transitional Cell Carcinoma)

This type of cancer affects the urinary system, particularly the bladder. Symptoms can include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, and frequent urination. Early detection through regular veterinary screenings can help manage this condition effectively.

You can read more about Urothelial Carcinoma in our blog here. 

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system and can affect various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Symptoms can include enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss, and lethargy. With advances in veterinary oncology, treatments such as chemotherapy can be highly effective in managing this disease.

Prevention and Early Detection

While the thought of cancer can be daunting, proactive measures can make a significant difference. Regular veterinary check-ups, awareness of your dog's normal behaviors and body condition, and prompt attention to any changes can aid in early detection. Advances in veterinary medicine mean that many cancers are treatable, and with early intervention, your German Shepherd can enjoy a good quality of life.

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Lymphoma in German Shepherds 

In German Shepherds, the most prevalent form of lymphoma is multicentric lymphoma. In fact, among all breeds, multicentric has the highest number of diagnoses. This type of lymphoma impacts the lymph nodes and presents as the enlargement of multiple nodes, typically found in areas such as the neck, shoulders, behind the knees, armpits, and groin. While multicentric lymphoma is the most common form of lymphoma in German Shepherds, other types such as alimentary (gastrointestinal), mediastinal (chest), cutaneous (skin), and other forms of extranodal lymphoma can also occur in this breed.

You can learn more about the different kinds of lymphoma, including more detailed information on multicentric lymphoma in this post.

Symptoms of multicentric lymphoma in German Shepherds can vary widely. Some dogs may show no signs at all and appear normal, while others may exhibit swollen lymph nodes, lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, increased urination, increased drinking, heavy breathing, and occasionally fever. 

You can find more information on potential symptoms and signs of lymphoma in dogs here.

Diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma is generally confirmed through a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of an enlarged lymph node, which allows for examination of the cells to identify the presence of cancer.

To learn more about how lymphoma is diagnosed and how the best treatment is found you can read more about that process and about precision medicine in our post here. 

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Treatment for Lymphoma in German Shepherds

Treating lymphoma in German Shepherds involves several methods, with the most common being full-body chemotherapy. 

The lymphatic system's extensive reach throughout the body necessitates a comprehensive approach. Chemotherapy can involve various forms, from infusions to pills, and different protocols. Some protocols rotate through multiple drugs over several months, while others use a single drug administered almost monthly.

For more details on why chemotherapy is often the first choice for lymphoma, you can learn more about options here.

Another treatment option is half-body radiation, which mimics the systemic treatment effects of chemotherapy by targeting one-half of the body at a time. This method is used in more specific cases and is not common in most canine lymphoma treatments.

For more information on radiation therapy as a lymphoma treatment, you can read our blog here.

Palliative treatment with steroid-only therapy is another route some pet parents choose. This option aims to provide comfort by alleviating symptoms rather than fighting the cancer or inducing remission. While it may be a difficult choice, palliative care can be the best option for some dogs, particularly those who are older or have severe health issues that make them less suitable candidates for chemotherapy.

Read more about the benefits of steroid-only treatment in this post.

Financial constraints can also impact treatment decisions. Full multi-agent chemotherapy can be costly, and not all pet parents have the budget for it. Additionally, older dogs or those with significant health issues may not have the strength to undergo such intensive treatment.

Whatever treatment option you choose, it’s crucial to ensure that it is the best choice for both you and your loyal furry family member.

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How ImpriMed Can Help

Exploring canine health often involves highlighting and planning based on breed-specific tendencies, which can overlook the unique individuality of your beloved pet. It can be frustrating when treatment options are generalized, leaving you to hope that something will work for your dog specifically.

At ImpriMed, we transform this approach by helping your oncologist build custom treatment plans to meet your dog's unique needs.

Thanks to advanced technology and an extensive database of canine lymphoma cases, we create a Personalized Prediction Profile just for your furry friend. This profile enables your veterinarian to select the most effective anticancer medications and design a treatment plan aimed at achieving swift and sustained remission, ensuring your dog's vitality and well-being.

Learn more about how ImpriMed can help your German Shepherd get personalized treatment for a lymphoma diagnosis.