Our Science

Live cancer cells meet artificial intelligence

By combining truly personalized science with artificial intelligence, we can predict how effective different treatment options would be in battling your dog's cancer.

A female pet parent looking at her Corgi dog

What is precision medicine?

A canine cancer patient receiving personalized treatment with ImpriMed

Every patient is unique, so two patients with the same medical condition may respond differently to the available treatment options. Precision medicine is an emerging approach for improving the success rate of medical interventions by identifying the treatment options most likely to be effective for individual patients.

What is functional precision medicine?
Functional precision medicine is a strategy in which live patient cells (such as tumor cells) are directly exposed to various drugs in a laboratory to observe their real-time response, providing personalized data to guide the most effective treatment for that specific individual.

Our Approach

How the ImpriMed approach is different

Innovative Approach to Cancer Care

Our approach is “functional” because we directly test how effectively anticancer drugs disrupt the normal functioning of a patient's live cancer cells. ImpriMed’s approach to precision oncology is unique in several ways.

  1. We use the world’s most powerful artificial intelligence algorithms to predict how well different treatment options will work for your pet.
  2. We base our predictions on thousands of real-world clinical outcomes that ImpriMed has collected from canine lymphoma and leukemia patients.
  3. We use multiple different tests to analyze your pet’s cancer and to predict its vulnerabilities; we innovate the best tumor profiling technologies from genetic and cellular profiling methods to our proprietary robotic platform that tests a panel of drugs on small samples of your pet’s live tumor cells.

The result is a unique precision medicine product that enables you and your veterinarian to quickly find the best drugs for treating your pet's cancer.

Dr. Ilona Holcomb working in a lab
Veterinary Precision Medicine Workflow Diagram
ImpriMed’s transport medium and logistics

How do we get live cancer cells to the lab for testing? This is a real challenge for most companies. The logistics associated with keeping cells alive long enough to be tested are difficult to overcome.

ImpriMed innovated past these challenges by developing a proprietary transport medium that keeps cells healthy during shipping and a web portal to make ordering, processing, and receiving samples easy and fast.

Illustration of a mailer box filled with ImpriMed's proprietary transport media tubes

When we receive live cancer cell samples, we conduct the following tests at our lab in California:

Drug sensitivity shows us how effective a drug can be for each patient. Our drug panel currently includes 13 anticancer drugs that are commonly used for treating canine lymphoma and leukemia.

Flow cytometry quantifies the levels of 10 different proteins found on and within tumor cells. This test provides prognostic and diagnostic information for leukemia and lymphoma.

PARR (PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement) tells us the genetic lineage of the malignancy. This test lets us give veterinary oncologists detailed information about the expansion of B-cell and T-cell clones.

Artificial Intelligence

How we collect clinical evidence and use proprietary artificial intelligence models

ImpriMed uses multimodal AI to improve treatment outcomes

To determine which drugs elicit a positive clinical response, we conducted an initial study to collect real-world data. We used the data from this clinical study to train AI models so they can predict the ways in which individual patients will respond to a panel of commonly used anticancer drugs. After the initial clinical study, we partner with our amazing network of customers to continuously grow our database of clinical outcomes. These data are added to our existing database and used to further refine the AI models.

Our outcomes database now includes more than 2,500 canine patients and is growing by the month. Due to ImpriMed’s continuous learning process, our AI models are constantly increasing in accuracy with more time and more customers.

Validations

Read our peer-reviewed scientific papers

Based on our established technology and workflow, we performed clinical studies to evaluate correlation between our predictive value and the actual clinical response to various anticancer drugs.

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By Indication (Veterinary)

By Indication (Human)

Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Oct 2020

Predicting likelihood of in vivo chemotherapy response in canine lymphoma using ex vivo drug sensitivity and immunophenotyping data in a machine learning model

Zach Bohannan, Raghavendra Sumanth Pudupakam, Jamin Koo, Harrison Horwitz, Josephine Tsang, Amanda Polley, Enyang James Han, Elmer Fernandez, Stanley Park, Deanna Swartzfager, Nicholas Seah Xi Qi, Chantal Tu, Wendi Velando Rankin, Douglas H. Thamm, Hye-Ryeon Lee, Sungwon Lim
Canine Lymphoma
Veterinary Sciences
Dec 2021

Predicting Dynamic Clinical Outcomes of the Chemotherapy for Canine Lymphoma Patients Using a Machine Learning Model

Jamin Koo, Kyucheol Choi, Peter Lee, Amanda Polley, Raghavendra Sumanth Pudupakam, Josephine Tsang, Elmer Fernandez, Enyang James Han, Stanley Park, Deanna Swartzfager, Nicholas Seah Xi Qi, Melody Jung, Mary Ocnean, Hyun Uk Kim, Sungwon Lim
Canine Lymphoma
npj Precision Oncology
May 2023

ML-based sequential analysis to assist selection between VMP and RD for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Sung-Soo Park, Jong Cheol Lee, Ja Min Byun, Gyucheol Choi, Kwan Hyun Kim, Sungwon Lim, David Dingli, Young-Woo Jeon, Seung-Ah Yahng, Seung-Hwan Shin, Chang-Ki Min, Jamin Koo
Multiple Myeloma
Haematologica
Sep 2023

Prognostic value of European LeukemiaNet 2022 criteria and genomic clusters using machine learning in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia

Silvia Park, Tong Yoon Kim, Byung-Sik Cho, Daehun Kwag, Jong-Mi Lee, Myungshin Kim, Yonggoo Kim, Jamin Koo, Anjali Raman, Tae Kon Kim, Hee-Je Kim
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
65th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition
Dec 2023

Prognostic Utility of the Patient-Derived AML Cells' Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity Results

Silvia Park, Byung-Sik Cho, Sung-Soo Park, Sungwon Lim, Kwan Hyun Kim, Gyucheol Choi, Seunghyok Ham, Seongjun Lee, Sesun Park, Gunjae Lee, Junyoung Lee, Jeonghoon Song, Hee-Je Kim, Jamin Koo
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Frontiers in Oncology
Feb 2024

Multimodal machine learning models identify chemotherapy drugs with prospective clinical efficacy in dogs with relapsed B-cell lymphoma

A. John Callegari, Josephine Tsang, Stanley Park, Deanna Swartzfager, Sheena Kapoor, Kevin Choy, Sungwon Lim
Canine Lymphoma
Veterinary Sciences
Jul 2024

Prognostic Utility of the Flow Cytometry and Clonality Analysis Results for Feline Lymphomas

Sheena Kapoor, Sushmita Sen, Josephine Tsang, Qi Jing Yap, Stanley Park, Jerry Cromarty, Deanna Swartzfager, Kevin Choy, Sungwon Lim, Jamin Koo, Ilona Holcomb
Feline Lymphoma
ASCO Breakthrough 2024
Aug 2024

Predicting Chemotherapy Response in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Using Machine Learning

Jamin Koo, Gyucheol Choi, Jaekyung Cheon, Changhoon Yoo, George Courcoubetis, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Heung-Moon Chang, Ho-Suk Oh, Sungwon Lim, Moonho Kim
Pancreatic Cancer
Blood Research
Nov 2024

Recent advances in and applications of ex vivo drug sensitivity analysis for blood cancers

Haeryung Lee, Nahee Ko, Sujin Namgoong, Seunghyok Ham, Jamin Koo
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
Jan 2025

A study on the relationship between MDR1 mutation and ex vivo drug sensitivities of canine lymphomas

Goeun Choi, Qi Jing Yap, Nahee Ko, Sujin Namgoong, Haeryung Lee, Minyoung Oh, Gyucheol Choi, Sungwon Lim, Jamin Koo
Canine Lymphoma
AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Functional and Genomic Precision Medicine in Cancer: Different Perspectives, Common Goals
Mar 2025

A study on the relationship between ex vivo drug sensitivity and clinical outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Sung-Soo Park, Sungwon Lim, Seunghyok Ham, Seongjun Lee, Sesun Park, Hyoju Yi, Ilona Holcomb, Seok Lee, Jae-Ho Yoon, Jamin Koo
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
npj Precision Oncology
Jun 2025

Identification of novel genetic mutations for the treatment prognostication of canine lymphoma

Josephine Tsang, Qi Jing Yap, Sheena Kapoor, Jerry Cromarty, Sushmita Sen, Minji Kim, George Courcoubetis, Suhyeon Cho, Deanna Swartzfager, Stanley Park, Sungwon Lim, Ilona Holcomb, Jamin Koo
Canine Lymphoma
JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics
Dec 2025

Predicting Chemotherapy Response in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Using Machine Learning

Jamin Koo, Gyucheol Choi, Jaekyung Cheon, Changhoon Yoo, George Courcoubetis, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Heung-Moon Chang, Ho-Suk Oh, Sungwon Lim, Moonho Kim
Pancreatic Cancer
67th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition
Dec 2025

Ex vivo drug sensitivity testing in Korean AML patients: Integration of functional and genomic profiles for predicting clinical response and survival

Daehun Kwag, Hyoju Yi, Seunghyeok Ham, Jiyoung Baek, Sesun Park, Seongjun Lee, George Courcoubetis, Byung-Sik Cho, Sungwon Lim, Heeje Kim, Jamin Koo
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
67th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition
Dec 2025

Quantitative ex vivo synergy profiling uncovers heterogeneous combination responses in AML primary samples

Sung-Soo Park, Sujin Namgoong, Seunghyeok Ham, George Courcoubetis, Hyoju Yi, Sungwon Lim, Jae-Ho Yoon, Jamin Koo
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
Jan 2026

Quantitative ex vivo assessment of chemotherapy synergy using patient-derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma samples

Ji Won Kim, Nahee Ko, Seunghyeok Ham, George Courcoubetis, Myung Woul Han, Yongcheol Ahn, Hyoju Yi, Sungwon Lim, Jong Cheol Lee, Jamin Koo
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
Jan 2026

Quantitative ex vivo synergy profiling uncovers heterogeneous combination responses in acute myeloid leukemia

Sujin Namgoong, Seunghyeok Ham, George Courcoubetis, Josephine Tsang, Hyoju Yi, Sungwon Lim, Jamin Koo
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Presentations
Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Identification of drug response biomarkers for canine lymphoma in large-scale NGS screen

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2023
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society logo

Impact of AI on clinical practice and outcome

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2023
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Canine Lymphoma Diagnostics Past, Present and Future: How AI technology and genetics are pushing the boundaries in veterinary medicine

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2023
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society logo

ImpriMed: AI-driven Personalized Medicine for Pet Cancer Care

Veterinary Cancer Society-Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Collaborative Conference 2023
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Presentations
Precision Medicine World Conference logo

Reinventing precision medicine: from dogs to humans

Precision Medicine World Conference 2023
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society logo

ImpriMed Research Update

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2022
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Identification of Novel Predictive Biomarkers of Anticancer Drug Responses in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Using Targeted NGS

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2022
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society logo

ImpriMed Research Update

Veterinary Cancer Society Mid-Year Conference 2022
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Drugs predicted to be effective using artificial intelligence (AI) double the clinical response rate in canines with relapsed B-cell lymphoma

Veterinary Cancer Society Mid-Year Conference 2022
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Presentations
Animal Health, Nutrition and Technology Innovation Europe logo

Precision medicine for pet cancer care

Animal Health, Nutrition and Technology Innovation Europe 2022
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

ImpriMed: Experiences from the eyes of an oncologist in clinical practice

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2021
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Predicting dynamic clinical outcomes of (L-)CHOP chemotherapy for canine lymphoma patients using an artificial intelligence model

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2021
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society logo

ImpriMed: A data-driven, personalized chemotherapy drug testing service for canine blood cancer patients

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2021
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Predicting likelihood of in vivo chemotherapy response in canine lymphoma using ex vivo drug sensitivity and immunophenotyping data in a machine learning model

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2020
Learn More →
Presentations
World Veterinary Cancer Congress logo

Individualizing chemotherapy for canine lymphoma based on ex vivo drug sensitivity test

World Veterinary Cancer Congress 2020
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Presentations
Precision Medicine World Conference logo

From dog to human: precision medicine for comparative oncology

Precision Medicine World Conference 2020
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Presentations
NYC Oncology Conference 2019

ImpriMed: precision medicine for pet cancer care

NYC Oncology Conference 2019
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Presentations
Veterinary Cancer Society Logo

Individualizing chemotherapy for canine lymphoma based on ex vivo drug sensitivity test

Veterinary Cancer Society Annual Conference 2019
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